See -gan on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 32 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ga:",
"nominative plural"
],
"id": "en--gan-ang-suffix-sRcq77f9",
"links": [
[
"-ga",
"-ga#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ga:",
"accusative singular/plural"
],
"id": "en--gan-ang-suffix-VmQRV9E~",
"links": [
[
"-ga",
"-ga#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ga:",
"genitive/dative singular"
],
"id": "en--gan-ang-suffix-qdpUBzp2",
"links": [
[
"-ga",
"-ga#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɑn/"
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-gan, *-gen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 10 29 29 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + -egen → gezegen (“planet”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ısır- (“to bite”) + -gan → ısırgan (“poison ivy”, literally “that which bites a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sıç- (“to shit, to poop”) + -an → sıçan (“rat, mouse”, literally “that which shits a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kemir- (“to nibble, to gnaw”) + -gen → kemirgen (“rodent”, literally “that which gnaws a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yat- (“to lie down, to incline”) + -ağan → yatağan (“a curved Ottoman sword”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"id": "en--gan-tr-suffix-8CL~OZGB",
"links": [
[
"Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük",
"w:tr:Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 10 29 29 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + -gen → çekingen (“shy, reserved”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çalış- (“to work, to study”) + -kan → çalışkan (“hardworking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ak- (“to flow”) + -ış (reciprocal suffix) + -kan → akışkan (“fluid”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "değiş- (“to change”) + -ken → değişken (“variable, flexible”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ilet- (“to transmit, to conduct”) + -ken → iletken (“conductive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives adjectives of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"id": "en--gan-tr-suffix-M6eA7fRL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ken/"
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Proto-Turkic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix forming a verbal noun or verbal adjective."
],
"id": "en--gan-xgn-pro-suffix--Ll7kBad",
"related": [
{
"english": "people",
"word": "ir-gen"
},
{
"english": "donkey",
"word": "elǰi-gen"
},
{
"english": "quite",
"word": "döli-gen"
},
{
"english": "thin",
"word": "nim-gen"
},
{
"english": "young of animals, plants",
"word": "ǰulǰa-gan"
},
{
"english": "tumour, albugo",
"word": "čiyi-gan"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 10 29 29 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 9 36 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix equipping animals."
],
"id": "en--gan-xgn-pro-suffix-OQ22eMIH",
"related": [
{
"english": "marmot",
"word": "tarbagan"
},
{
"english": "lamb",
"word": "kurigan"
},
{
"english": "sable",
"word": "bulugan"
},
{
"english": "fox",
"word": "hünegen"
},
{
"english": "camel foal",
"word": "botagan"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English suffix forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ga:",
"nominative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"-ga",
"-ga#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ga:",
"accusative singular/plural"
],
"links": [
[
"-ga",
"-ga#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ga:",
"genitive/dative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-ga",
"-ga#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɑn/"
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Proto-Turkic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "people",
"word": "ir-gen"
},
{
"english": "donkey",
"word": "elǰi-gen"
},
{
"english": "quite",
"word": "döli-gen"
},
{
"english": "thin",
"word": "nim-gen"
},
{
"english": "young of animals, plants",
"word": "ǰulǰa-gan"
},
{
"english": "tumour, albugo",
"word": "čiyi-gan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix forming a verbal noun or verbal adjective."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "marmot",
"word": "tarbagan"
},
{
"english": "lamb",
"word": "kurigan"
},
{
"english": "sable",
"word": "bulugan"
},
{
"english": "fox",
"word": "hünegen"
},
{
"english": "camel foal",
"word": "botagan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix equipping animals."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-gan, *-gen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + -egen → gezegen (“planet”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ısır- (“to bite”) + -gan → ısırgan (“poison ivy”, literally “that which bites a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sıç- (“to shit, to poop”) + -an → sıçan (“rat, mouse”, literally “that which shits a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kemir- (“to nibble, to gnaw”) + -gen → kemirgen (“rodent”, literally “that which gnaws a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yat- (“to lie down, to incline”) + -ağan → yatağan (“a curved Ottoman sword”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük",
"w:tr:Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + -gen → çekingen (“shy, reserved”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çalış- (“to work, to study”) + -kan → çalışkan (“hardworking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ak- (“to flow”) + -ış (reciprocal suffix) + -kan → akışkan (“fluid”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "değiş- (“to change”) + -ken → değişken (“variable, flexible”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ilet- (“to transmit, to conduct”) + -ken → iletken (“conductive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives adjectives of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ken/"
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -gan meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.